Correlation Near Record Lows as Earnings Move Stocks Alone

July 23, 2026 · 09:14 ET

The defining feature of this session is the absence of a factor move. Realized 20-day pairwise stock correlation is at 4.24%, its 0.3rd percentile since 2020, and the options market is priced for it to stay there — COR1M at 4.30 sits in the lowest 0.2% of its 20-year history. With the index accounting for just 3.3% of cross-sectional variance, an earnings deluge is landing on names one at a time: STMicroelectronics -17.81% and Tesla -8.07% on their own misses, Medpace +19.58% and RTX +5.87% on their own beats.

The Index Is Standing Still While Stocks Fly Apart

Every measure of how much stocks move together is pinned to the floor. Realized 20-day correlation across the broad universe is 4.24% (0.3 pctile since 2020); the large-cap like-for-like reads 5.87% (0.9 pctile); and the implied market has followed rather than led — COR1M at 4.30 and COR3M at 7.54 are each in the lowest fifth of a percentile of their two-decade ranges. This is not a one-day artifact of a thin pre-open session — it is a blended 20-day window, and the persistence is the point. Cboe's dispersion index (DSPX) is parked at 47.26, its 99.8th percentile, and single-stock implied volatility (VIXEQ) at 50.18 sits near the top of its history, even as index volatility (VIX) is a middling 18.92. Options desks are pricing the earnings calendar, not the macro direction. Financial Times

The consequence is a factor board with almost nothing on it. The largest style signals barely clear one standard deviation, and none carries a persistent multi-week trend.

FactorReturnZ-Score5d Z20d Z63d ZCategoryDirection
Short-Sale Activity-0.13%-1.17-1.11-0.63-0.47Style-FlowBarely-shorted names beat most short-sold
Size-0.43%-1.12-0.54-0.18+0.27StyleLarge-caps underperformed
Beta-1.00%-1.01+0.47-1.56-0.06Style-RiskHigh-beta names underperformed
Growth+0.21%+0.83-0.2+1.1+1.0StyleHigher-growth names outperformed
Treasury (Duration)+0.25%+0.72+1.1+0.7-0.1ThematicLong-duration names outperformed
Oil+0.32%+0.65+1.6+0.9-0.1ThematicOil-levered names outperformed
Semiconductors+0.24%+0.40+2.15-0.60+0.67ThematicHigher-exposure names outperformed
Realized vs Implied Stock Correlation (20d) — Since 2020
Realized 20-day pairwise correlation at 4.24% (0.3 pctile) and implied COR1M at 4.30 are both near their since-2020 and 20-year lows — stocks are moving on their own information.
Realized vs Implied Stock Correlation (20d) — Since 2020
SeriesToday PctPrev Close Pct
pairwise_model4.243.93
pairwise_top5005.875.63
implied_cor1m

Every Name Has Its Own Reason

When the index does nothing, the story is told stock by stock, and today the catalysts are unrelated. Alphabet fell -5.34% and Tesla -8.07% after both raised AI capital-spending plans hard enough to alarm investors — Alphabet lifted full-year capex guidance to $195–205 billion and printed its first negative quarterly free cash flow in over a decade, overshadowing 82% Google Cloud growth. Bloomberg Financial Times Both moves are the stock's own: Tesla's idiosyncratic component was -5.11% (a -2.6 standard-deviation move against its own year), Alphabet's -3.21%, with the market and factor pieces almost incidental.

STMicroelectronics collapsed -17.81% on soft Q3 guidance despite a Q2 beat — the largest stock-specific drop in its trailing year (-6.0 sigma) — and dragged nothing broad with it: the Semiconductors factor is actually up (z=+0.4), and Texas Instruments' -5.21% was likewise its own valuation reset, not a sector signal. Bloomberg On the other side of the ledger, defense beats sent RTX +5.87% and Lockheed +5.06% on record backlogs, while a run of healthcare-services results carried Medpace +19.58%, Quest Diagnostics +8.30% and Thermo Fisher +6.43% — each a large stock-specific gain with little factor content.

Today's Peer Cluster Returns (Top 15)
Within-cluster spreads dwarf the differences between clusters — the signature of a low-correlation session.
Today's Peer Cluster Returns (Top 15)
ClusterMedian Ret Pct
18-sml^vol^turn.yld.grow^rates-2.56
16-mid^vol.oil^rates-2.31
19-mid^vol^turn.yld^grow^rates-1.87
17-lrg^vol^1yr^rates-1.50
15-sml^vol^turn.grow-1.03
13-lrg-0.89
14-mid^vol.yld.grow-0.88
11-mid^grow-0.61
12-mid-0.50
10-lrg-0.42
7-mid-0.40
8-mega^grow-0.39
5-lrg.turn-0.36
6-mid^vol.grow-0.35
0-mid^oil.rates0.82

The ETF board shows the same fracture: a spread of nearly eleven points between the best and worst themes, with no single macro thread pulling them together.

ETFThemeToday1d Ago5d Ago20d Ago63d Ago
USOoil+5.54%+2.20%+8.49%+18.35%+2.67%
XLEenergy+1.77%+1.20%+4.78%+8.70%+5.96%
ITAdefense+0.67%+0.60%-2.25%-2.04%+3.60%
XLVhealthcare+0.16%-0.51%+0.72%+4.76%+9.26%
SPYlarge cap-1.03%-0.12%-0.98%+1.89%+6.15%
QQQlarge cap growth-1.49%-0.51%-1.73%-1.16%+9.47%
SMHsemiconductors-2.11%+0.48%-0.65%-5.65%+26.31%
XLYconsumer discretionary-2.57%-0.74%-2.55%+0.23%-4.16%
GDXgold miners-3.13%+3.36%+3.62%-1.26%-17.54%
SLVsilver-4.13%+1.58%+3.28%-3.25%-21.27%

Style Churns While the Index Sleeps

Here is what the Cboe prints alone cannot show a portfolio manager. Underneath the near-record-low index correlation, realized style volatility is running hot — 26.8 annualized vol points, its 91.5th percentile — while realized index volatility sits at 8.3 points, the 1.1 percentile. That gap is the whole regime: a factor rotation churning beneath a barely-moving index, with Beta (94.5th percentile of its variance share over the past 20 days) and Long-Term Momentum (94.1st) doing most of the work in the style block. The crowded high-beta momentum names, which had extreme sessions on July 21 and July 16, are the fault line that keeps style variance elevated even on a day their own factor moves are small.

Realized 20-Day Volatility vs Implied — Since 2025
Style volatility at 26.8 points (91.5 pctile) against index volatility of 8.3 points (1.1 pctile) — the churn is in the factors, not the market leg.
Realized 20-Day Volatility vs Implied — Since 2025
SeriesToday Vol PtsPrev Close Vol Pts
total45.6046.23
market8.308.24
style26.8027.11

The case against reading this as pure stock-picking is worth stating plainly: Size at z=-1.12 and Beta at z=-1.01 both leaned negative, and the mega-caps that fell hardest — Alphabet, Tesla — are precisely the long-duration names most exposed to a 10-year yield back at 4.71%. Some of what looks idiosyncratic may be a single rising-rate impulse hitting the largest, highest-beta names at the same moment. But the breadth argues otherwise: the barely-shorted cohort outperforming the most heavily short-sold names (Short-Sale Activity z=-1.17, the model's most statistically reliable effect and its durable baseline direction) is a market-internal flow, not a stress tell, and the enormous winners — Medpace, RTX, Quest — have nothing to do with duration.

The Macro Backdrop Feeding the Split

The reason each name has its own catalyst is that several unrelated macro forces are live at once. Brent pushed toward $98 as Houthi militants struck two Saudi tankers in the Red Sea and US–Iran strikes widened, dashing near-term hopes of a deal. NYT Bloomberg That war premium sent USO +5.54% and lifted the energy complex, where the biggest movers are beta-carried E&P and refiner names (KOS, SM, PBF) rather than company-specific stories.

The same oil impulse is driving a global bond selloff. The 10-year Treasury yield is at 4.71%, up 5.2 bps on the session, with the 2-year at 4.36% and the 30-year above 5.19%. CNBC German 10-year yields hit a 15-year high ahead of the ECB, and money markets are now toying with a Fed hike into year-end. Financial Times Bloomberg A firmer dollar — DXY at 101.45, up +0.32% — is the other side of that, and it is punishing the metals even with oil surging: GLD -2.18%, SLV -4.13% and GDX -3.13% as the rebound in precious metals loses its footing. CNBC CNBC

For a risk book, the instruments to watch are the ones expressing the split rather than a direction: single-stock volatility (VIXEQ) and the dispersion index (DSPX) against a subdued VIX, the earnings names on both tails (GOOGL, TSLA, STM versus RTX, TMO, MEDP), and the energy/rates hedges (USO, XLE, TLT). Intel reports after the close and is the next single-name test of whether a strong print can still move on its own. Bloomberg

Economic Context

Initial jobless claims the BLS, released at 8:30 AM ET, fell 22,000 to 187,000 for the week ended July 18 — well below the 212,000 consensus and the lowest weekly reading in over fifty years, with continuing claims easing to 1.796 million. The print reinforced a tight, "low-hire, low-fire" labor market and added to the back-up in yields, with traders nudging up the odds of a Fed rate hike before year-end as the 10-year cleared 4.7%.

Factor Regime Reference

Variance decomposition: live intraday — 20260723 session, bracketed against its trailing-year range. Factor returns are trailing through last close. Total cross-sectional dispersion: 11%ile of the past year.

Variance mix — % of total, today vs 1d ago vs 1-yr avg

market 57%ile style 75%ile thematic 27%ile idiosyncratic 38%ile

Today (live)
23%70%
1d ago
9%56%34%
1-yr avg
10%20%68%

Variance explained — today vs. factor's trailing-year range

Size 2.82% · 92%ile Beta 16.50% · 85%ile Growth 0.62% · 83%ile China 0.56% · 86%ile Short-Sale Activity 0.26% · 87%ile Long-Term Momentum 1.84% · 57%ile Bitcoin / Crypto 0.26% · 62%ile Treasury (Duration) 0.15% · 63%ile Hedge-Fund Ownership 0.08% · 55%ile Residual Volatility 0.36% · 40%ile Oil 0.29% · 49%ile Short-Term Momentum 0.24% · 46%ile

Marker = the factor's share of today's total variance, placed in its own trailing-year range (box 25–75%ile, ticks 90%ile and max). Amber marker = unusually load-bearing today (≥90%ile of its own year). Factor name green = up today / red = down.

Correlation & dispersion — realized vs implied

Pairwise realized correlation (20d): 4.24% 0.3%ile

Top-500 pairwise: 5.87% 0.9%ile · implied (Cboe COR1M): 4.30 0.2%ile of its own history (gap +1.6pp)

Realized 20d vol (ann. pts): all stocks 46 vs VIXEQ 50 · index 8 vs VIX 19 · style factors 27 91.5%ile

20-day window (19 completed days + today); percentiles vs model history since 2020; definitions in Terms below. Implied prints (Cboe) are delayed ~15 min. as of 08:58 ET

High-beta momentum cohort (eq-wt, since-2020 rank): -1.3% 24%ile · rest of market -0.0%

Trailing factor returns

FactorToday1d5d20d60d
Style-Risk
Beta-1.00% z-1.0-0.14%-0.98%-6.35%+0.49%
International-0.11% z-0.3+0.21%+0.04%+0.55%-1.48%
Residual Volatility+0.12% z+0.2-0.71%-0.50%-0.38%-0.97%
Style
Size-0.43% z-1.1+0.18%-0.36%-0.19%+0.64%
Growth+0.21% z+0.8-0.18%-0.36%+1.33%+1.81%
Dividend Yield-0.07% z-0.4+0.18%+0.81%-0.47%+1.08%
Profitability+0.03% z+0.2+0.08%+0.39%-0.42%-1.09%
Leverage+0.02% z+0.1+0.43%+0.36%-0.99%-0.11%
Liquidity+0.03% z+0.1+0.04%+1.07%-0.72%-0.17%
Value+0.01% z+0.0+0.33%+0.52%-0.34%-1.13%
Style-Momentum
Long-Term Momentum+0.37% z+0.6+0.27%+1.52%-1.85%+3.58%
Short-Term Momentum+0.12% z+0.4-0.40%-0.96%-1.24%-2.99%
One-Day Momentum+0.03% z+0.1+0.27%-0.57%-0.85%+1.04%
Medium-Term Momentum+0.02% z+0.1-0.69%-1.27%-1.63%+1.52%
Style-Positioning
Hedge-Fund Ownership+0.07% z+0.6-0.21%-0.49%+0.72%-0.87%
Short Interest-0.01% z-0.1-0.39%-0.52%+0.65%+1.27%
Style-Flow
Short-Sale Activity-0.13% z-1.2+0.06%+0.07%-0.09%-0.11%
Morning Activity-0.01% z-0.0-0.05%-0.26%-0.05%-1.36%
Thematic
Treasury (Duration)+0.25% z+0.7+0.69%+0.90%+1.11%-0.18%
China-0.28% z-0.7+0.39%+0.30%+0.33%-4.65%
Oil+0.32% z+0.7-0.12%+0.67%+0.57%-0.11%
Semiconductors+0.24% z+0.4+0.62%+1.90%-2.09%+0.94%
Gold+0.03% z+0.1+0.53%+0.67%+0.49%-3.31%
Bitcoin / Crypto-0.02% z-0.1-0.28%-0.10%-0.54%-0.76%

Terms

Pairwise realized correlation. Index variance net of the weighted idiosyncratic diagonal, over the cross terms — the estimator used for implied-correlation indices. 20-day window unless noted; history since 2020.

Market variance share. The fraction of cross-sectional variance explained by the market factor — the attribution companion to pairwise correlation, not a substitute for it.

Factor z-score. Today's factor return divided by its daily-return standard deviation over ~1,600 trading days.

High-beta momentum cohort. US names above $2B market cap in the top quintile of both raw beta and 12-month momentum; membership frozen at each month's first business day. “Top 50” = the 50 strongest by combined rank.

Dispersion (realized). Total cross-sectional volatility net of the market component; high dispersion is the flip side of low correlation.

Stock-specific (idiosyncratic) return. The part of a stock's move not explained by market, style, or thematic factors in our decomposition.

VIXEQ / DSPX / COR1M. Cboe implied indices: single-stock volatility, dispersion, and 1-month implied correlation (top-50 S&P names). Quotes delayed ~15 minutes.

Data compiled by FactorPulse AI; edited and verified by Jeff Klein. For informational purposes only. Does not constitute financial advice, an investment recommendation, or an offer to buy or sell any securities. Always consult a qualified financial professional before making investment decisions.

For more on factor construction methodology, see www.factorpulse.com/glossary.

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